Electric propulsion in maritime logistics: what are the benefits?

The logistics sector faces the challenge of organising transport more efficiently and sustainably. New propulsion technologies are becoming increasingly attractive, not only on the road but also at sea. For companies operating in ports, freight transport and maritime services, electric propulsion offers a range of possibilities.

From compact workboats to support vessels: electric motors can help make operations quieter and reduce maintenance requirements. However, the transition to electric power is not the same for every application. What benefits does electric propulsion offer for maritime logistics, and what do companies need to bear in mind?

Lower emissions during port operations

Ports are key links in international logistics chains. Goods are loaded, unloaded and transported every day. In addition to large cargo ships, there are various smaller vessels that support these operations. These include inspection boats, workboats and vessels used for maintenance and surveillance. When these vessels are electrically powered, there are no direct exhaust emissions whilst underway.

This could be particularly interesting in port areas where there is a high volume of transport activity. Electric propulsion also offers opportunities for companies seeking to make their operations more sustainable.

However, the overall environmental impact does depend on the source of the electricity, the production of batteries and the system’s lifespan.

Efficient propulsion for commercial vessels

A key advantage of electric propulsion is the efficient conversion of electrical energy into motion. Electric motors deliver instant torque and can be precisely controlled.

For smaller logistics vessels, an electric outboard motor be an attractive solution. These motors are relatively compact and can be fitted to various types of workboats and support vessels.

Modern outboard motors are also available in various power ratings. This means the propulsion system can be tailored to the weight of the vessel and the tasks for which it is used.

Overall efficiency does not depend solely on the engine. The hull shape, cargo load, speed and conditions on the water also influence energy consumption.

Less maintenance and mechanical wear and tear

In the logistics sector, the availability of equipment is crucial. If a vessel breaks down unexpectedly, this can have consequences for the planning and execution of operations.

Electric propulsion systems generally have fewer moving parts than traditional internal combustion engines. As a result, certain maintenance tasks are no longer necessary. For example, with a fully electric engine, there is no need to change the engine oil. Nor are there any fuel filters or parts of a traditional exhaust system that require maintenance.

That does not mean that electric propulsion is maintenance-free. Batteries, electrical connections, cooling systems and other components must be checked regularly. It is therefore wise for companies not to focus solely on the purchase price. Maintenance costs, expected service life and any potential downtime must also be taken into account when assessing the investment.

More precise manoeuvring in ports

In port areas, manoeuvrability is at least as important as propulsion. Vessels regularly have to dock, turn or manoeuvre between other ships. An electric bow thruster can provide assistance here. By moving the vessel sideways, the skipper gains greater control whilst mooring and manoeuvring in confined spaces.

Modern electric bow thrusters respond instantly to commands. With proportionally controllable systems, the thrust can be precisely modulated. This is particularly useful for vessels that need to dock regularly during the working day. Examples include inspection boats, maintenance vessels and smaller ships operating in busy port areas.

The right combination of propulsion and manoeuvring aids can help make the sailing process more manageable.

Less noise during logistics operations

Noise is a key concern within port areas. Ship engines, loading operations and transport movements all contribute to noise pollution. Electric propulsion generally produces less engine noise than a traditional internal combustion engine. This can offer benefits for crew members on board and for the immediate surroundings.

For inspection and maintenance vessels, for example, a quieter propulsion system can be beneficial during operations where communication is crucial. In ports located close to residential areas, reducing engine noise can also be an advantage. However, the actual noise level does depend on the entire propulsion system, the propeller and the speed of the vessel.

Electrification requires effective energy planning

Electric propulsion offers advantages, but also places different demands on logistics planning. Whereas a traditional vessel refuels, an electric ship must have sufficient opportunity to recharge its batteries.

That is why it is important to analyse the daily sailing profile in advance. How many hours will the vessel be in operation? What distances will it cover? And how much power will be required during operations?

For ships that sail fixed routes and regularly return to the same location, electric propulsion can be practical. Charging times can then be tailored to the daily schedule.

The situation is more complicated when it comes to long-term operations where no charging facilities are available. In such situations, sufficient battery capacity and a suitable charging infrastructure are essential.

Of interest for newbuilds and existing vessels

Electric propulsion does not have to be used exclusively on new ships. Existing vessels can also be retrofitted in certain cases.

In the case of new-build vessels, designers can take the propulsion system, batteries and weight distribution into account right from the start. This allows the various components to be properly coordinated. For existing vessels, it must first be assessed whether the current design is suitable for electrification. Factors such as available space, the weight of the batteries and the required performance all play a role in this.

Logistics companies would be well advised to explore these options when a vessel is due for replacement or major maintenance.

Total cost of ownership determines the business benefits

Although electric propulsion offers various technical advantages, financial viability remains the decisive factor for businesses. The purchase costs may be higher than for a traditional propulsion system. On the other hand, this is offset by lower energy costs and reduced maintenance requirements.

To make a fair comparison, companies need to look at the total cost of ownership. The following factors, amongst others, are important in this regard:

• Purchase and installation of the propulsion system.

• Costs of batteries and charging facilities.

• Energy consumption during day-to-day operations.

• Maintenance and any repairs.

• Expected service life and replacement costs.

• Vessel availability and operational readiness.

An electric propulsion system is particularly attractive when it is well suited to day-to-day use. High usage intensity and predictable sailing patterns can be favourable conditions in this regard.

Electric propulsion as part of modern maritime logistics

Making the logistics sector more sustainable is therefore not limited to lorries and distribution centres. Within maritime logistics, too, there are opportunities to organise transport and support activities differently.

Electric propulsion can help reduce direct emissions, make operations quieter and lower maintenance requirements. In addition, modern engines and manoeuvring systems offer the ability to control vessels with precision.

For logistics companies, a successful transition begins with a thorough analysis of usage. By aligning the propulsion system, energy supply and operational planning, electrification can be a valuable step towards more efficient and sustainable maritime operations.